This practice allows the patient to sip clear fluids only (usually water) until they are sent for Sips of water (up to 30ml for an adult) are acceptable up until the time of surgery to aid swallowing medications Children between 12 months and 16 years of age Solids: light (low calorific) meal up to 6hrs prior to anaesthesia Clear liquids: 3ml/kg/hr up to 1hr prior to anaesthesia Breast milk: up to 3hrs prior to anaesthesia Formula and non-human milk: considered as solids, so are only acceptable up to 6hrs prior to anaesthesia Infants from birth to 12months of age Breast milk: Up to 3hrs prior to anaesthesia Formula and non-human milk: 200ml or 20ml/kg (whichever is least) up to 4hrs prior to anaesthesia Chewing gum and boiled sweets are regarded as a potential foriegn body, so must be discarded prior to anaesthesia - but are NOT an indication for delaying a procedure unless ingested Patients on GLP-1 agonists (eg Ozempic) ANZCA guidance (see this link) has been issued in early 2025, stating that these medications should not be ceased peri-operatively These patients should consume only clear fluids for 24hrs prior to anaesthesia, followed by the standard 6hr fasting If patients have not undergone this pre-procedure clear fluid diet then risk mitigation strategies should be employed

For example, research from The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism suggests that combining GLP-1 treatment with lifestyle changes produces more sustainable weight loss than medication alone
MW ~1,419 Da) studied for cytoprotection, VEGF/EGF pathway modulation, and tissue repair in preclinical models
PT-141 , known generically as bremelanotide , occupies an unusual place among the peptides discussed in sexual-health and regenerative medicine: unlike many peptides, it actually holds an FDA approval
It indicates how quickly a LiPo battery can release its stored energy
Germaine S